When choosing a microphone, technical parameters play a significant role in determining its suitability. One key factor is the Maximum Sound Pressure Level (SPL), which defines a microphone’s capability to handle loud sounds without distortion.
What is SPL?
Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measures the intensity of sound and is expressed in decibels (dB). Here are examples of sound levels for reference:
- Whispering: 20-40 dB SPL
- Normal conversation: 40-60 dB SPL
- Loud traffic noise: 80-100 dB SPL
- Pain threshold: 130 dB SPL
What is Maximum SPL?
The maximum SPL is the highest sound level a microphone can handle before reaching 0.5% total harmonic distortion (THD). The higher the maximum SPL, the better the microphone can handle loud sound sources without distortion.
Why Does Maximum SPL Matter?
Different microphones handle SPL differently:
- Dynamic microphones: Often exceed 140 dB SPL, suitable for loud sources like drums or amplifiers.
- Condenser microphones: Typically up to 130 dB SPL, ideal for vocals and acoustic instruments.
- Ribbon microphones: Lower SPL ratings, suitable for delicate recordings.
For loud sound sources, opt for microphones with a high SPL. For quieter sources, a moderate SPL may suffice.
